久而久之

1. Basic Information

• Pinyin: jiǔ ér jiǔ zhī
• English Translation: As time goes by (over a long period of time)
• Idiom Composition: 「久」（A long time; duration）＋「而」（And then; a conjunction connecting the passage of time to the result）＋「久」（A long time (repeated for emphasis on the duration)）＋「之」（A grammatical particle referring to the situation or time passing）
• Meaning: Describes a situation where a certain state or action continues for a long time, naturally resulting in a change or the formation of a habit.

2. Detailed Meaning and Nuances

「久而久之」 contains the following nuances:

• Time and Causality: The phrase implies more than just the passage of time; it suggests a causal link where the duration itself is what causes the change or result to manifest.
• Neutral Connotation: Unlike some idioms that are strictly positive or negative, 久而久之 (jiǔ ér jiǔ zhī) is neutral. It can be used to describe the accumulation of wisdom or the gradual worsening of a disease.

3. Usage

「久而久之」 is mainly used in the following contexts:

• Formation of Habits: Used to describe how a repeated action naturally becomes a habit or a fixed trait over time.
  • Example:「刚开始他只是偶尔抽烟，久而久之，竟然有了烟瘾。」
    （At first he only smoked occasionally, but over time, he unexpectedly developed an addiction.）
• Changes in Relationships: Describes how feelings or relationships evolve through long-term interaction.
  • Example:「他们两个经常在一起工作，久而久之，产生了深厚的感情。」
    （The two of them often worked together, and as time went by, deep feelings developed between them.）
• Inevitable Consequences: Describes a result that is the natural consequence of a persistent condition.
  • Example:「如果不注意休息，久而久之，身体肯定会垮掉。」
    （If you don't pay attention to rest, in the long run, your health will definitely break down.）

Additional Examples:

1. 起初我觉得这首歌很难听，但听得多了，久而久之也就习惯了。
   （At first I thought this song was terrible, but after listening to it many times, I gradually got used to it.）
2. 他坚持每天背单词，久而久之，词汇量有了惊人的增长。
   （He persisted in memorizing words every day, and over time, his vocabulary grew amazingly.）
3. 这种错误的坐姿如果不改正，久而久之会导致脊椎问题。
   （If this incorrect sitting posture isn't corrected, it will lead to spinal problems in the long run.）
4. 哪怕是再小的误会，如果不及时解释，久而久之也会变成大矛盾。
   （No matter how small a misunderstanding is, if not explained promptly, it will turn into a major conflict over time.）

4. Cultural Background and Notes

• Grammatically, 久而久之 (jiǔ ér jiǔ zhī) often acts as an adverbial phrase at the beginning of a clause or after a comma to connect the cause (time passing) to the effect.
• The idiom appears in Qing Dynasty literature, such as the novels Flowers in the Mirror (镜花缘) and The Lamp at the Crossroads (歧路灯).
• It emphasizes a natural, almost imperceptible transition rather than a sudden or forced change.

5. Similar and Opposite Idioms

• Similar Idioms:
  • 长此以往 (cháng cǐ yǐ wǎng): If things continue this way (usually used to predict a negative outcome).
  • 日久天长 (rì jiǔ tiān cháng): After a long time; emphasizing the endurance of a relationship or state.
  • 日积月累 (rì jī yuè lěi): To accumulate day by day and month by month.link
• Opposite Idioms:
  • 一朝一夕 (yī zhāo yī xī): In a very short time; literally 'one morning and one evening'.
  • 突如其来 (tū rú qí lái): To happen suddenly and unexpectedly.link

6. Summary

The idiom 久而久之 (jiǔ ér jiǔ zhī) is used to explain how a long-term process or repeated behavior eventually leads to a specific outcome. It is often translated as "over time" or "in the course of time." It is a versatile expression that can describe both positive developments, such as gaining a skill, and negative ones, such as developing a bad habit.